Anthospermum rigidum Eckl. & Zeyh.
subsp. pumilum (Sond.) Puff

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Photo: Bart Wursten
Cleveland Dam, below dam wall

Photo: Bart Wursten
Lake Chivero Recreational Park

Photo: Bart Wursten
By Nyanga - Troutbeck road

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Synonyms:	Anthospermum humile N.E. Br. Anthospermum pumilum Sond. Anthospermum spicatum Suesseng.
Common names:
Frequency:	Frequent
Status:	Native
Description:	Herbaceous perennial with numerous unbranched stems, up to 30 cm long, growing from a rosette-like woody base. Leaves opposite to pseudo whorled, subsessile, 6-20 mm long, linear, to very narrowly (ob-)lanceolate, thinly textured, midrib often reddish-brown; margins papillate, sometimes rolled under. Stipular sheath with 1(-3) small setae. Flowers in clusters of 2-6 at the nodes, subsessile, greenish to yellowish, bisexual or unisexual on the same plant. Fruit reddish brown, shiny, hairless.
Type location:	South Africa
Notes:
Derivation of specific name:	rigidum: rigid, stiff; pumilum: dwarf.
Habitat:	A species of rocky grassland and open woodland.
Altitude range: (metres)	1050 - 1850 m
Flowering time:
Worldwide distribution:	Angola, Botswana, Namibia, Tanzania, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe and South Africa.
National distribution:	W,C,E,S
Growth form(s):
Endemic status:
Red data list status:
Insects associated with this species:
Spot characters:	Display spot characters for this species
Images last updated:	Sunday 25 May 2008
Literature:	Chapano, C. & Mugarisanwa, N.H. (2003). Plants of the Matobo District National Herbarium and Botanic Garden, Zimbabwe Page 4. Mapaura, A. & Timberlake, J. (eds) (2004). A checklist of Zimbabwean vascular plants Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 33 Sabonet, Pretoria and Harare Page 71. Setshogo, M.P. (2005). Preliminary checklist of the plants of Botswana. Sabonet Report no. 37. Sabonet, Pretoria and Gaborone Page 96. Verdcourt, B. (1988). Rubiaceae, Part 1 Flora Zambesiaca 5(1) Page 158.

Other sources of information about Anthospermum rigidum subsp. pumilum:

Our websites:

Flora of Botswana: Anthospermum rigidum subsp. pumilum
Flora of Mozambique: Anthospermum rigidum subsp. pumilum
Flora of Zambia: Anthospermum rigidum subsp. pumilum

External websites:

African Plants: A Photo Guide (Senckenberg): Anthospermum rigidum
BHL (Biodiversity Heritage Library): Anthospermum rigidum
EOL (Encyclopedia of Life): Anthospermum rigidum
GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility): Anthospermum rigidum
Google: Web - Images - Scholar
iNaturalist: Anthospermum rigidum
IPNI (International Plant Names Index): Anthospermum rigidum
JSTOR Plant Science: Anthospermum rigidum
Mansfeld World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops: Anthospermum rigidum
Plants of the World Online: Anthospermum rigidum
Tropicos: Anthospermum rigidum
Wikipedia: Anthospermum rigidum