Sclerocroton integerrimus Hochst. ex Krauss

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Sclerocroton integerrimus

Photo: Mark Hyde
National Botanic Garden, Harare.

Sclerocroton integerrimus

Photo: Mark Hyde
National Botanic Garden, Harare.

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Synonyms: Excoecaria hochstetteriana Müll.Arg.
Excoecaria integerrima (Hochst.) Müll.Arg.
Excoecaria reticulata (Hochst.) Müll.Arg.
Sapium armatum Pax & K.Hoffm.
Sapium integerrimum (Hochst.) J.Léonard
Sapium reticulatum (Hochst.) Pax
Sclerocroton reticulatus Hochst.
Stillingia integerrima (Hochst.) Baill.
Tragia integerrima Hochst.
Tragia natalensis Hochst.
Common names: Tallow tree (English)
Description: Shrub or small tree, 2-8 m tall. Leaves glabrous, ovate-lanceolate to ovate-oblong, 3-8 × 1-3 cm; apex shortly acuminate; margin entire or shallowly serrate; glands 1-2 at the base, sometimes also with 1 or 2 near the margin as well. Petiole 3-5 mm long. Inflorescences of spikes borne on lateral branches, consisting entirely of male flowers or with one female flower at the base. Male bracts broadly ovate with a discoid gland on each side, enclosing many flowers. Female bracts 3-partite, ± laciniate. Male flowers: pedicels c. 1mm; calyx-lobes 3, triangular, yellowish; stamens 3. Female flowers: pedicels 3-6 mm (-10 mm in fruit); calyx-lobes 3; ovary 3-lobed; styles 3. Fruit a 3-lobed capsule, 1.5 × 2 cm, splitting into three 2-valved cocci, each valve bearing an appendage 2 mm long. Seeds 7 × 5 mm, smooth, flecked and spotted with darker brown.
Notes:
Derivation of specific name:
Flowering time:
Worldwide distribution: Guinea and Tanzania south to South Africa.
Growth form(s): Tree, shrub over 2 m.
Insects associated with this species: Sevenia boisduvali boisduvali (Food plant)
Spot characters: Display spot characters for this species
Literature:

Burrows, J.E., Burrows, S.M., Lötter, M.C. & Schmidt, E. (2018). Trees and Shrubs Mozambique Publishing Print Matters (Pty), Cape Town. Page 468. (Includes a picture).

Coates Palgrave, K. (revised and updated by Meg Coates Palgrave) (2002). Trees of Southern Africa 3rd edition. Struik, South Africa Page 521. As Sapium armatum (Includes a picture).

Coates Palgrave, K. (revised and updated by Meg Coates Palgrave) (2002). Trees of Southern Africa 3rd edition. Struik, South Africa Page 522. As Sapium integerrimum (Includes a picture).

Da Silva, M.C., Izidine, S. & Amude, A.B. (2004). A preliminary checklist of the vascular plants of Mozambique. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 30 Sabonet, Pretoria Page 58.

Drummond, R.B. (1975). A list of trees, shrubs and woody climbers indigenous or naturalised in Rhodesia. Kirkia 10(1) Page 253. As Sapium integerrimum

Mapaura, A. & Timberlake, J. (eds) (2004). A checklist of Zimbabwean vascular plants Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 33 Sabonet, Pretoria and Harare Page 43. As Sapium armatum

Radcliffe-Smith, A. (1996). Euphorbiaceae Flora Zambesiaca 9(4) Pages 323 - 324. As Sapium armatum

Radcliffe-Smith, A. (1996). Euphorbiaceae Flora Zambesiaca 9(4) Page 323. As Sapium intergerrimum

Schmidt, E., Lötter, M. & McCleland, W. (2002). Trees and shrubs of Mpumalanga and Kruger National Park Jacana, Johannesburg, South Africa Pages 294 - 295. As Sapium integerrimum (Includes a picture).

Siebert, S. & Mössmer, M. (Editors) (2002). SABONET Southern Mozambique Expedition 2001; Provisional Plant Checklist of the Maputo Elephant Reserve (MER) and Licuati Forest Reserve (LFR) SABONET News 7(1) Page 25. As Sapium integerrinum

Van Wyk, B. & Van Wyk, P. (1997). Field Guide to Trees of Southern Africa. Struik, South Africa Pages 108 - 109. As Sapium integerrimum (Includes a picture).

Van Wyk, B. & Van Wyk, P. (2013). Field Guide to Trees of Southern Africa (Second edition) Struik, South Africa Pages 118 - 119. (Includes a picture).

Other sources of information about Sclerocroton integerrimus:

Our websites:

Flora of Mozambique: Sclerocroton integerrimus
Flora of Zimbabwe: Sclerocroton integerrimus

External websites:

African Plants: A Photo Guide (Senckenberg): Sclerocroton integerrimus
BHL (Biodiversity Heritage Library): Sclerocroton integerrimus
EOL (Encyclopedia of Life): Sclerocroton integerrimus
GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility): Sclerocroton integerrimus
Google: Web - Images - Scholar
iNaturalist: Sclerocroton integerrimus
IPNI (International Plant Names Index): Sclerocroton integerrimus
JSTOR Plant Science: Sclerocroton integerrimus
Mansfeld World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops: Sclerocroton integerrimus
Plants of the World Online: Sclerocroton integerrimus
Tropicos: Sclerocroton integerrimus
Wikipedia: Sclerocroton integerrimus


Copyright: Mark Hyde, Bart Wursten, Petra Ballings and Meg Coates Palgrave, 2002-24

Hyde, M.A., Wursten, B.T., Ballings, P. & Coates Palgrave, M. (2024). Flora of Zimbabwe: Cultivated Plants: Species information: Sclerocroton integerrimus.
https://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/cult/species.php?species_id=181930, retrieved 28 March 2024

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