Citrus × aurantium L.

We have few details about this taxon; if you can provide any information, photos or reliable records, please contact one of the site authors. Email addresses are given on the home page.

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Species details: Click on each item to see an explanation of that item (Note: opens a new window)

Synonyms:
Common names: Bitter orange (English) Clementine (English) Grapefruit (English) Orange (English) Tangelo (English) Tangor (English)
Frequency:
Status:
Description:
Type location:
Notes:
Derivation of specific name:
Habitat:
Altitude range: (metres)
Flowering time:
Worldwide distribution:
FZ divisions: E
Growth form(s): Tree.
Endemic status:
Red data list status:
Insects associated with this species: Papilio demodocus demodocus (Food plant)
Papilio ophidicephalus chirinda (Food plant)
Papilio dardanus cenea (Food plant)
Spot characters: Display spot characters for this species
Literature:

Drummond, R.B. (1975). A list of trees, shrubs and woody climbers indigenous or naturalised in Rhodesia. Kirkia 10(1) Page 249.

Mapaura, A. & Timberlake, J. (eds) (2004). A checklist of Zimbabwean vascular plants Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 33 Sabonet, Pretoria and Harare Page 75.

Parker, T. (2023). Common Trees of Mozambique The Tree Press, Austin, Texas, USA Pages 342 - 343. (Includes a picture).

Struwe, L. (2014). The species names of citrus - a sweet, sour, and sticky mess http://www.botanicalaccuracy.com/2014/06/the-species-names-of-citrus-sweet-sour.html?m=1


Other sources of information about Citrus × aurantium:

Our websites:

Flora of Mozambique: cultivated Citrus × aurantium
Flora of Zimbabwe: cultivated Citrus × aurantium

External websites:

African Plants: A Photo Guide (Senckenberg): Citrus × aurantium
African Plant Database: Citrus × aurantium
BHL (Biodiversity Heritage Library): Citrus × aurantium
EOL (Encyclopedia of Life): Citrus × aurantium
GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility): Citrus × aurantium
Google: Web - Images - Scholar
iNaturalist: Citrus × aurantium
IPNI (International Plant Names Index): Citrus × aurantium
JSTOR Plant Science: Citrus × aurantium
Mansfeld World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops: Citrus × aurantium
Plants of the World Online: Citrus × aurantium
Tropicos: Citrus × aurantium
Wikipedia: Citrus × aurantium


Copyright: Mark Hyde, Bart Wursten, Petra Ballings and Meg Coates Palgrave, 2002-25

Hyde, M.A., Wursten, B.T., Ballings, P. & Coates Palgrave, M. (2025). Flora of Zimbabwe: Species information: Citrus × aurantium.
https://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/species.php?species_id=133230, retrieved 5 December 2025

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