Zehneria scabra (L.f.) Sond.
subsp. scabra

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Photo: Bart Wursten
Slope above Cavalo, Sanjunjira, Mt Gorongosa

Photo: Bart Wursten
Along main road between Lake Kaulime turn-off and Kaperepeze road, Nyika National Park

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Synonyms:	Bryonia scabra L.f.
Common names:
Frequency:
Status:	Native
Description:	Prostrate or climbing herb with annual stems, up to 6 m long. Leaves more or less broadly ovate in outline, usually unlobed but occasionally 3-5-lobed, deep green and with rough hairs above, paler below, cordate at the base; margin prominently toothed. Flowers small, unisexual on different plants; male flowers in axillary clusters; female flowers solitary or in few-flowered clusters, white. Fruit in clusters, spherical, 8-13 mm in diameter, hairless, bright red when ripe.
Type location:	South Africa, Cape Province
Notes:	See Z. scabra subsp. argyrea var. chirindensis for comparison.
Derivation of specific name:	scabra: rough, referring to the leaf surface.
Habitat:	In forest and on forest margins, riverine fringes and exotic plantations.
Altitude range: (metres)	600 - 2250 m
Flowering time:
Worldwide distribution:	Widespread in Tropical Africa, South Africa, Arabia, India, Java and the Philippines.
National distribution:	E
Growth form(s):
Endemic status:
Red data list status:
Insects associated with this species:
Spot characters:	Display spot characters for this species
Images last updated:	Sunday 1 February 2009
Literature:	Burrows, J.E. & Willis, C.K. (eds) (2005). Plants of the Nyika Plateau Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 31 SABONET, Pretoria Page 135. (Includes a picture). Chapano, C. & Mamuto, M. (2003). Plants of the Chimanimani District National Herbarium and Botanic Garden, Zimbabwe Page 59. Dowsett-Lemaire, F. (1989). The flora and phytogeography of the evergreen forests of Malawi. I: Afromontane and mid-altitude forests; Bull. Jard. Bot. Nat. Belg. 59(1/2) Page 24. As Zehneria scabra Jeffrey, C. (1978). Cucurbitaceae Flora Zambesiaca 4 Pages 478 - 479. Mapaura, A. & Timberlake, J. (eds) (2004). A checklist of Zimbabwean vascular plants Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 33 Sabonet, Pretoria and Harare Page 39. Reekmans, M. (1983). Cucurbitaceae Flore du Rwanda Spermatophytes Volume II Page 464. (Includes a picture). Strugnell, A.M. (2006). A Checklist of the Spermatophytes of Mount Mulanje, Malawi Scripta Botanica Belgica 34 National Botanic Garden of Belgium Page 74.

Other sources of information about Zehneria scabra subsp. scabra:

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Flora of the DRC: Zehneria scabra subsp. scabra
Flora of Malawi: Zehneria scabra subsp. scabra
Flora of Mozambique: Zehneria scabra subsp. scabra
Flora of Rwanda: Zehneria scabra subsp. scabra
Flora of Zambia: Zehneria scabra subsp. scabra

External websites:

African Plants: A Photo Guide (Senckenberg): Zehneria scabra
African Plant Database: Zehneria scabra
BHL (Biodiversity Heritage Library): Zehneria scabra
EOL (Encyclopedia of Life): Zehneria scabra
GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility): Zehneria scabra
Google: Web - Images - Scholar
iNaturalist: Zehneria scabra
IPNI (International Plant Names Index): Zehneria scabra
JSTOR Plant Science: Zehneria scabra
Mansfeld World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops: Zehneria scabra
Plants of the World Online: Zehneria scabra
Tropicos: Zehneria scabra
Wikipedia: Zehneria scabra