Strychnos madagascariensis Poir.

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Strychnos madagascariensis

Photo: Bart Wursten
Rimiti West, by Mutare to Birchenough Br. rd

Strychnos madagascariensis

Photo: Bart Wursten
Rimiti West, by Mutare to Birchenough Br. rd

Strychnos madagascariensis

Photo: Bart Wursten
Between Hot Springs Resort and Odzi R.

Strychnos madagascariensis

Photo: Bart Wursten
Between Hot Springs Resort and Odzi R.

Strychnos madagascariensis

Photo: Bart Wursten
Old Runde bridge, Mwenezi

Strychnos madagascariensis

Photo: Bart Wursten
Old Runde bridge, Mwenezi

Strychnos madagascariensis

Photo: Bart Wursten
Old Runde bridge, Mwenezi

Strychnos madagascariensis

Photo: Bart Wursten
Old Runde bridge, Mwenezi

Strychnos madagascariensis

Photo: Bart Wursten
Old Runde bridge, Mwenezi

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Species details: Click on each item to see an explanation of that item (Note: opens a new window)

Synonyms: Strychnos burtonii Baker
Strychnos dysophylla Benth.
Strychnos innocua Delile subsp. burtonii (Baker) Bruce & Lewis
Strychnos innocua Delile subsp. dysophylla (Benth.) I. Verd.
Strychnos quaqua Gilg
Strychnos randiaeformis Baill.
Common names: Black monkey-orange (English) Hairy-leaved monkey-orange (English) Muhwakwa (Shona) Muteme (Tonga: Zimbabwe) Shiny-leaved monkey-orange (English) Umkwakwa (Ndebele) Umteme (Ndebele)
Frequency:
Status: Native
Description:
Small tree, often multi-stemmed, unarmed but often with hard, knobbly dwarf spur-branchlets 1-3 cm long. Bark smooth, light grey. Leaves mostly clustered on the spur-branchlets, elliptic, obovate to almost circular, 2-10 cm long, shiny green above, often much paler below, somewhat leathery, 3-veined from near the base, velvety mostly on the veins beneath; margin usually entire, sometimes minutely scalloped or fringed with hairs; petiole 1-5 mm long. Flowers in 1-several few-flowered clusters in the leaf axils or on the old wood, greenish-yellow with a whitish fringe of hairs in the throat. Fruit Globose, up to 8 cm in diameter, hard-shelled, blueish-green but finally turning orange-yellow. Pulp orange and slimy, edible but not tasting very nice.
Notes:
Derivation of specific name: madagascariensis: of Madagascar
Habitat: In open deciduous woodland, riverine fringes and rocky koppies.
Altitude range: (metres)
Flowering time:Aug - Jan
Worldwide distribution: Widespread From East Africa to South Africa and Madagascar.
Zimbabwe distribution: N,W,C,E,S
Growth form(s):
Endemic status:
Red data list status:
Insects associated with this species:
Spot characters: Display spot characters for this species
Images last updated: Thursday 12 November 2015
Literature:

Burrows, J.E., Burrows, S.M., Lötter, M.C. & Schmidt, E. (2018). Trees and Shrubs Mozambique Publishing Print Matters (Pty), Cape Town. Page 783. (Includes a picture).

Chapano, C. & Mamuto, M. (2003). Plants of the Chimanimani District National Herbarium and Botanic Garden, Zimbabwe Page 53.

Chapano, C. & Mugarisanwa, N.H. (2003). Plants of the Matobo District National Herbarium and Botanic Garden, Zimbabwe Page 34.

Coates Palgrave, K. (revised and updated by Meg Coates Palgrave) (2002). Trees of Southern Africa 3rd edition. Struik, South Africa Page 928. Under Strychnaceae (Includes a picture).

Curtis, B.A. & Mannheimer, C.A. (2005). Tree Atlas of Namibia National Botanic Research Institute, Windhoek Page 539.

Da Silva, M.C., Izidine, S. & Amude, A.B. (2004). A preliminary checklist of the vascular plants of Mozambique. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 30 Sabonet, Pretoria Page 113. Under Strychnaceae

Drummond, R.B. (1975). A list of trees, shrubs and woody climbers indigenous or naturalised in Rhodesia. Kirkia 10(1) Page 268.

Kamumvuri, G. (ed.) (2004). Plants of Zimbabwe Report No. 1 National Herbarium and Botanic Garden, Zimbabwe Pages 31 - 32. (Includes a picture).

Leeuwenberg, A.J.M. (1969). Loganiaceae of Africa VIII Strychnos III. Revision of the African species Mededelingen Landbouwhogeschool Wageningen 69(1) Pages 160 - 170. (Includes a picture).

Leeuwenberg, A.J.M. (1983). Loganiaceae (inc. Buddlejaceae) Flora Zambesiaca 7(1) Pages 363 - 365. (Includes a picture).

Mapaura, A. & Timberlake, J. (eds) (2004). A checklist of Zimbabwean vascular plants Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 33 Sabonet, Pretoria and Harare Page 58.

Phiri, P.S.M. (2005). A Checklist of Zambian Vascular Plants Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 32 Page 100. Under Strychnaceae

Schmidt, E., Lötter, M. & McCleland, W. (2002). Trees and shrubs of Mpumalanga and Kruger National Park Jacana, Johannesburg, South Africa Pages 542 - 543. Under Strychnaceae (Includes a picture).

Setshogo, M.P. (2005). Preliminary checklist of the plants of Botswana. Sabonet Report no. 37. Sabonet, Pretoria and Gaborone Page 108. Under Strychnaceae

Siebert, S. & Mössmer, M. (Editors) (2002). SABONET Southern Mozambique Expedition 2001; Provisional Plant Checklist of the Maputo Elephant Reserve (MER) and Licuati Forest Reserve (LFR) SABONET News 7(1) Page 26.

Strugnell, A.M. (2006). A Checklist of the Spermatophytes of Mount Mulanje, Malawi Scripta Botanica Belgica 34 National Botanic Garden of Belgium Page 117.

Van Wyk, B. & Van Wyk, P. (1997). Field Guide to Trees of Southern Africa. Struik, South Africa Pages 250 - 251. (Includes a picture).

Van Wyk, B. & Van Wyk, P. (2013). Field Guide to Trees of Southern Africa (Second edition) Struik, South Africa Pages 298 - 299. Under Strychnaceae (Includes a picture).


Other sources of information about Strychnos madagascariensis:

Our websites:

Flora of Botswana: Strychnos madagascariensis
Flora of Caprivi: Strychnos madagascariensis
Flora of Malawi: Strychnos madagascariensis
Flora of Mozambique: Strychnos madagascariensis
Flora of Zambia: Strychnos madagascariensis

External websites:

African Plants: A Photo Guide (Senckenberg): Strychnos madagascariensis
African Plant Database: Strychnos madagascariensis
BHL (Biodiversity Heritage Library): Strychnos madagascariensis
EOL (Encyclopedia of Life): Strychnos madagascariensis
GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility): Strychnos madagascariensis
Google: Web - Images - Scholar
iNaturalist: Strychnos madagascariensis
IPNI (International Plant Names Index): Strychnos madagascariensis
JSTOR Plant Science: Strychnos madagascariensis
Mansfeld World Database of Agricultural and Horticultural Crops: Strychnos madagascariensis
Plants of the World Online: Strychnos madagascariensis
Tropicos: Strychnos madagascariensis
Wikipedia: Strychnos madagascariensis


Copyright: Mark Hyde, Bart Wursten, Petra Ballings and Meg Coates Palgrave, 2002-24

Hyde, M.A., Wursten, B.T., Ballings, P. & Coates Palgrave, M. (2024). Flora of Zimbabwe: Species information: Strychnos madagascariensis.
https://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/species.php?species_id=144380, retrieved 4 December 2024

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